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Development of highly active coated monolith SCR catalyst with strong abrasion resistance for low-temperature

Lina GAN,Shan LEI,Jian YU,Hongtao MA,Yo YAMAMOTO,Yoshizo SUZUKI,Guangwen XU,Zhanguo ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 979-987 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0824-8

摘要： Monolith SCR catalysts coated with V O -WO /TiO were prepared by varying binder and coating thickness. Comparing with a monolith extruded with 100% V O -WO /TiO powder, a coated monolith with a catalyst-coating layer of 260 μm in thickness exhibited the similar initial NO reduction activity at 250°C. After 4 h abrasion (attrition) in an air stream containing 300 g·m fine sands (50–100 μm) at a superficial gas velocity of 10 m·s , the catalyst still has the activity as a 100% molded monolith does in a 24-h activity test and it retains about 92% of its initial activity at 250°C. Estimation of the equivalent durable hours at a fly ash concentration of 1.0 g·m in flue gas and a gas velocity of 5 m·s demonstrated that this coated monolith catalyst is capable of resisting abrasion for 13 months without losing more than 8% of its initial activity. The result suggests the great potential of the coated monolith for application to de-NO of flue gases with low fly ash concentrations from, such as glass and ceramics manufacturing processes.

关键词： coated monolith low-temperature denitration abrasion resistance attrition

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水机材料的抗磨蚀性判据研究

王飚,王宇栋,张自华,叶献国

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第7期页码 58-61

摘要：

为了证实水机材料的抗磨蚀和抗空蚀性能与材料的常规宏观性能之间的相依关系，选取4种具代表性的材料（碳化钨涂层、NiCr合金涂层、硼不锈钢涂层和钛），进行空蚀和磨蚀试验，并测试了它们的硬度和抗腐蚀性。试验结果表明，材料的空蚀和磨蚀抗力与硬度和抗腐蚀性有着紧密的相依关系：高硬度是抗磨蚀性优的第一判据，较强的抗腐蚀性是第二判据；高抗腐蚀性是抗空蚀性优的第一判据，较高的硬度是第二判据。

关键词：水机材料磨蚀判据

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水轮机抗磨蚀金属材料的优化设计

王飚,张自华,王宇栋

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 64-67

摘要：

对抗磨蚀金属材料的基础研究表明，在10种常用结构材料的金属中，以钨、钴、铬的抗气蚀性最佳；生产应用研究结果表明，钨系材料中的火焰喷焊WC-M硬面陶瓷材料，铬系材料中的电镀稀土铬硬面材料，钴系材料中的等离子喷焊CoCrWC硬面材料，都是抗磨蚀性能较优，成本较低，并可进入工业应用的水轮机抗磨蚀结构材料。

关键词：水轮机磨蚀材料设计

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抗磨蚀材料失效过程的微观特性

王飚,王宇栋,张自华,何筱奎,诸小丽

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第8期页码 82-86

摘要：

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射，对抗汽蚀较优的硼不锈钢堆焊层和抗磨蚀较优的碳化钨陶瓷堆焊层的原样、汽蚀后样和磨蚀后样进行了微观分析研究。结果表明，硼不锈钢堆焊层是较好的抗汽蚀材料，但抗磨蚀效果不理想；碳化钨对磨蚀损坏有良好的屏障作用；磨蚀坑是气泡溃灭产生的脉冲式法向负压力和脉冲式泥沙冲击切向分力联合作用的结果。

关键词：抗汽蚀抗磨蚀微观特性

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Prevalence of antifolate drug resistance markers in in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 83-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0894-x

摘要： The dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) genes of Plasmodium vivax and antifolate resistance-associated genes were used for drug resistance surveillance. A total of 375 P. vivax isolates collected from different geographical locations in China in 2009–2019 were used to sequence Pvdhfr and Pvdhps. The majority of the isolates harbored a mutant type allele for Pvdhfr (94.5%) and Pvdhps (68.2%). The most predominant point mutations were S117T/N (77.7%) in Pvdhfr and A383G (66.8%) in Pvdhps. Amino acid changes were identified at nine residues in Pvdhfr. A quadruple-mutant haplotype at 57, 58, 61, and 117 was the most frequent (57.4%) among 16 distinct Pvdhfr haplotypes. Mutations in Pvdhps were detected at six codons, and the double-mutant A383G/A553G was the most prevalent (39.3%). Pvdhfr exhibited a higher mutation prevalence and greater diversity than Pvdhps in China. Most isolates from Yunnan carried multiple mutant haplotypes, while the majority of samples from temperate regions and Hainan Island harbored the wild type or single mutant type. This study indicated that the antifolate resistance levels of P. vivax parasites were different across China and molecular markers could be used to rapidly monitor drug resistance. Results provided evidence for updating national drug policy and treatment guidelines.

关键词： drug resistance antifolates molecular markers Plasmodium vivax China

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Metagenomic analysis on resistance genes in water and microplastics from a mariculture system

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 4-4 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1438-y

摘要：

Microplastics existing widely in different matrices have been regarded as a reservoir for emerging contaminants. Mariculture systems have been observed to host microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, more information on proliferation of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in mariculture system at the presence of microplastics is needed.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Metal resistance genes Metagenomic analysis Microplastics Mariculture

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Taking advantage of drug resistance, a new approach in the war on cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 490-495 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0647-7

摘要：

Identification of the driver mutations in cancer has resulted in the development of a new category of molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs. However, as was the case with conventional chemotherapies, the effectiveness of these drugs is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant variants. While most cancer therapies are given in combinations that are designed to avoid drug resistance, we discuss here therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the changes in cancer cells that arise upon development of drug resistance. This approach is based on notion that drug resistance comes at a fitness cost to the cancer cell that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. We discuss the development of sequential drug therapies in which the first therapy is not given with curative intent, but to induce a major new sensitivity that can be targeted with a second drug that selectively targets the acquired vulnerability. This concept of collateral sensitivity has hitherto not been used on a large scale in the clinic and holds great promise for future cancer therapy.

关键词： cancer drug resistance genetic screens senescence targeted therapy

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Targeting apoptosis to manage acquired resistance to third generation EGFR inhibitors

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 701-713 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0951-0

摘要： A significant clinical challenge in lung cancer treatment is management of the inevitable acquired resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as osimertinib, which have shown remarkable success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations, in order to achieve maximal response duration or treatment remission. Apoptosis is a major type of programmed cell death tightly associated with cancer development and treatment. Evasion of apoptosis is considered a key hallmark of cancer and acquisition of apoptosis resistance is accordingly a key mechanism of drug acquired resistance in cancer therapy. It has been clearly shown that effective induction of apoptosis is a key mechanism for third generation EGFR-TKIs, particularly osimertinib, to exert their therapeutic efficacies and the development of resistance to apoptosis is tightly associated with the emergence of acquired resistance. Hence, restoration of cell sensitivity to undergo apoptosis using various means promises an effective strategy for the management of acquired resistance to third generation EGFR-TKIs.

关键词： acquired resistance EGFR inhibitor apoptosis lung cancer

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Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems: an overview

Jizheng HE, Zhenzhen YAN, Qinglin CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 329-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020333

摘要：

The use of antibiotics in human medicine and animal husbandry has resulted in the continuous release of antibiotics into the environment, which imposes high selection pressure on bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. The spread and aggregation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant pathogens is one of the most intractable clinical challenges. Numerous studies have been conducted to profile the patterns of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems, as this is closely related to human health and wellbeing. This paper provides an overview of the transmission of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems resulting from the application of animal manures and other organic amendments. The future need to control and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in agricultural ecosystems is also discussed, particularly from a holistic perspective, and requires multiple sector efforts to translate fundamental knowledge into effective strategies.

关键词： agroecosystem antibiotic resistance public health soil-plant system

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swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x

摘要：

• SMX addition had negative effect on acetoclastic methanogens in mesophilic AD.

关键词： Pig manure Antibiotics Anaerobic digestion Resistance genes Microbial community

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Degradation of extracellular genomic, plasmid DNA and specific antibiotic resistance genes by chlorination

Menglu Zhang, Sheng Chen, Xin Yu, Peter Vikesland, Amy Pruden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1124-5

摘要：

Extracellular DNA structure damaged by chlorination was characterized.

Integrity of extracellular ARG genetic information after chlorination was determined.

Typical chlorine doses will likely effectively diminish extracellular DNA and ARGs.

Plasmid DNA/ARGs were less readily broken down than genomic DNA.

The Bioanalyzer methodology effectively documented damage incurred to DNA.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) Extracellular DNA/ARGs Chlorination

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Insulin resistance and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 53-59 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0255-5

摘要：

Insulin resistance (IR) is a key pathological feature of metabolic syndrome and subsequently causes serious health problems with an increased risk of several common metabolic disorders. IR related metabolic disturbance is not restricted to carbohydrates but impacts global metabolic network. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), namely valine, leucine and isoleucine, are among the nine essential amino acids, accounting for 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins and 40% of the preformed amino acids required by mammals. The BCAAs are particularly responsive to the inhibitory insulin action on amino acid release by skeletal muscle and their metabolism is profoundly altered in insulin resistant conditions and/or insulin deficiency. Although increased circulating BCAA concentration in insulin resistant conditions has been noted for many years and BCAAs have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and body weight, it is only recently that BCAAs are found to be closely associated with IR. This review will focus on the recent findings on BCAAs from both epidemic and mechanistic studies.

关键词： branched-chain amino acids leucine isoleucine valine insulin resistance

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Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 585-616 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1012-z

摘要： Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated unparalleled clinical responses and revolutionized the paradigm of tumor treatment, while substantial patients remain unresponsive or develop resistance to ICIs as a single agent, which is traceable to cellular metabolic dysfunction. Although dysregulated metabolism has long been adjudged as a hallmark of tumor, it is now increasingly accepted that metabolic reprogramming is not exclusive to tumor cells but is also characteristic of immunocytes. Correspondingly, people used to pay more attention to the effect of tumor cell metabolism on immunocytes, but in practice immunocytes interact intimately with their own metabolic function in a way that has never been realized before during their activation and differentiation, which opens up a whole new frontier called immunometabolism. The metabolic intervention for tumor-infiltrating immunocytes could offer fresh opportunities to break the resistance and ameliorate existing ICI immunotherapy, whose crux might be to ascertain synergistic combinations of metabolic intervention with ICIs to reap synergic benefits and facilitate an adjusted anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we elaborate potential mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance from a novel dimension of metabolic reprogramming in diverse tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, and related metabolic intervention in the hope of offering a reference for targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to circumvent immunotherapeutic resistance.

关键词： immune cell immunometabolism metabolic reprogramming immunotherapy resistance tumor microenvironment immune checkpoint inhibitor

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Characteristics of two transferable aminoglycoside resistance plasmids in

Chengjun Pu, Xiaoyan Gong, Ying Sun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1119-2

摘要：

pRKZ3 is a non-conjugative IncQ plasmid, while pKANJ7 is a conjugative IncX plasmid.

The optimal mating time of pKANJ7 varied under different conditions.

Both of the two transferable ARPs had little impact on the growth of their hosts.

A relatively high level of fitness cost was observed for pKANJ7.

The fitness cost of ARPs depended on their hosts.

关键词： Escherichia coli Characteristics Aminoglycoside resistance plasmids Transfer Persistence

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Correlation between tension softening relation and crack extension resistance in concrete

Xiufang ZHANG , Shilang XU ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 323-329 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0041-2

摘要： Changes of the material fracture energy consumption with crack propagation can be described by a crack extension resistance curve, one of the fundamental fracture criteria in crack mechanics. Recently, experimental observation of the fracture behavior in concrete was used to develop a new fracture criterion, the crack extension resistance curve, to analyze crack propagation during the entire concrete fracture process. The variation of the crack extension resistance is mainly associated with the energy consumption in the fracture process zone ahead of the stress-free crack tip. The crack extension resistance is then a function of the softening curve, which is a basic mechanical property in the fracture process zone. The relationship between the softening curve and the crack extension resistance curve is then analyzed based on results of three-point bending beams tests. The results indicate that the characteristic points of the crack extension resistance curve is closely related to the characteristic point on used tension softening curve.

关键词： concrete fracture process zone crack extension G_R resistance tension softening curve